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[Music]

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I will start to talk with the fact that

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I do have some good news and some bad

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news and I will disappoint you later not

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at the beginning so for now we're gonna

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talk about fun stuff but at the same

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disappointment that I'm suffering as a

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result of this I guess research agenda

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you guys will get to share in a little

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bit so the good news evolution is

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intelligent and those of you that are

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familiar with self-organization have

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probably heard this statement before

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underneath that statement you see

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actually a painting of Alex gray who was

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actually trying to depict this in one

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way or another and those of you are

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familiar with his art know that he's

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really really trying to get at some of

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the more deeper aspects of what you and

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I are talking about today and so the

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statement that evolution is intelligent

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is you know you see that there's a

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little asterisk there because if I ask

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many of you here what constitutes

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intelligence you're gonna give me a

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different answer

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same for consciousness right which is

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why it's a really big really important

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to actually define a lot of these things

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at times now the motivation for this

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talk was actually coming from

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intelligent design slash creationist

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arguments for what exists today now I'm

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not a creationist Torrent or intelligent

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design person however I do share the

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opinion with them that the degree to

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which I guess nature

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biology physics etc is specialized for I

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guess succeeding on this planet seems to

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be rather interesting I mean we are very

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very effective creatures at you know at

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our metabolism is fairly efficient when

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you look at I guess at least plants the

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metabolism that goes on as a result of

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chlorophyll goes way beyond anything

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human beings have created so how did

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this happen right and the motivation for

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the intelligent design argument is the

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famous watchmaker argument that if you

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are walking around in in an empty field

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you kick something you pick it up it

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looks like a pocket watch well then you

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must automatically assume that it wasn't

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a natural product because it's complex

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and designed so there must be a designer

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this is a teleological argument for the

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existence of God one of the famous ones

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one of the famous ones has been

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completely blown to pieces because how

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do you actually define intelligence

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something that looks intelligent to us

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may not be intelligent to some other

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people right so if in fact you don't

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have

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definition of intelligence then you

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can't really say that there must have

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been a designer involved in the process

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and that I'm completely on board with

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that right however it does seem that

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things in the natural world are and

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candidly specified to take advantages of

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all the different aspects of our energy

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arrays various other electromagnetic

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interactions for example like this

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sunflower when you look at the packing

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of sunflower seeds inside the sunflower

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it is the most energy-efficient packing

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for seeds right so how did that actually

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happen how did the sunflower figure out

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that I have to arrange my seeds in these

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particular fractal arrangements such

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that I get maximum Sun maximum future

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reproduction and more beautiful

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sunflowers for all for us all to look at

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and so the process which is involved in

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this particular arrangement

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it's called self-organization it is very

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present in in the physical world as well

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as the biological world so I'll just

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define it really briefly at first

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self-organization is the process where a

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structure or pattern appears in the

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system without a central authority or

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external element imposing it through a

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predetermined physical interaction or

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planning this is exactly what's

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happening with Larissa's neurons they

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were self-organizing there wasn't a

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brain imposing organization and in fact

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in the sunflower there isn't somebody

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saying arrange these seeds like this

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right and so the neat thing about these

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patterns that emerge is that the

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globally coherent pattern appears from

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the local interactions of the elements

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that make up the system so the

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organization is achieved both in

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parallel and distributed fashion so it's

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one of these interesting processes and

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the first person to really talk about

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self-organization was a Manuel Khan

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right and he actually defined a

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self-organizing system as a system that

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is at the same time the means and the

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ends to what's going on

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so that's sulphur self-organization you

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have a bunch of low level of interaction

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so I'll give you guys a number of

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examples that are producing phenomenon

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that are not previously predicted by

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these low level aspects of these systems

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so if you were to take the system

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brand-new you had never seen it add some

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energy to it once this system reaches

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the energy level which is just at the

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edge of chaos which is called pink noise

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now I'll get to that in a second itself

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organizes and produces B

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behavior that has not previously

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predicted if you have never observed it

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before so it's something that looks

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pretty amazing especially the first time

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you observe it now self-organization is

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evident in a lot of things but something

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that you may have had experience with

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our roll cells and so on the left hand

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side those are actually roll cells of a

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very very cool lithium which most of you

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have probably not seen but in the right

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hand side are roll cells of olive oil

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and so when you put a thin layer of

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olive oil in a pan and start heating it

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up what actually happens is an image

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sort of like on the left hand side of

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the screen when enough energy is added

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there are these vertical roll cells that

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are created where the heat exchange

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between the bottom of the oil and the

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top of the oil is operating at a maximum

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most efficient process right so at some

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point this system self-organized into

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something that's very very pretty and

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that is actually exchanging heat

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optimally and so this was not predicted

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by any properties of oil any properties

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of the pan that it was on it was only

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observed once you added this critical

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amount of energy and so in fact besides

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the the roll cells that you see commonly

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when you're cooking at various different

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I guess symmetry breaking scenarios or

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specific points of energy addition to

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the system they create new interesting

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heat exchange patterns so it's not just

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these little cells it's affect many many

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different ones and so in the inanimate

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world there are literally hundreds of

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examples of physics of self-organization

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happening in physics and in fact if you

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check out these scholarpedia entry and

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self-organization you will see that I

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mostly pulled most of these from there

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so things like the formation of spacial

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temporal patterns most of you have seen

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a laser in fact we're using one right

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now right so a laser pointer one thing

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the laser does is that enslaves the

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light particles that are around it it

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focuses them into a beam that is a

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self-organizing phenomenon actually and

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so that process is the result of these

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higher-order correlations happening

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within the beam and so some other

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examples include fluid dynamics gas gas

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discharge patterns things in plasma

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physics semiconductors formation of

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galaxies in terms of astrophysics

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climatology cloud formation

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meteorology coastal formation geophysics

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I I guess a number of things

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self-sustaining oscillators which I

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actually am very very interested in in

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chemistry those are you that are FEM

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chemists the Briggs rauscher reaction

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chemical reactions leading dissipative

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structures all those things show

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self-organizing properties and so in the

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in the I guess adamant world we also

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have a number of examples of this too

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and so this is really the part that

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interests me because on a physical scale

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I you know it's self-organization very

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much makes sense as a sort of phenomenon

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happens as a result of physical

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interactions between molecules in the

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animal world its start to become more

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interesting because it implies a few

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things about what's going on

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so since self-organizing systems are

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operating it's sort of an optimal

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capacity it very much suggests the sort

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of the intelligence of these processes

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now I'm not saying that someone

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somewhere created these things but if

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you were to create a biological system

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like our cell and you wanted to make it

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Optum optimally efficient in producing

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various chemicals from from its I guess

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from from its internal organelles then

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you would create something that looks

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very much like our cell what a lot of

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people don't talk about is that when you

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inherit your DNA from your parents

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you're not just inheriting DNA you're

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inheriting the entire cell in the entire

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cells mechanisms and so that's not in

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the DNA in fact right so they're they're

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the DNA itself is in fact the software

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that runs the hardware which is the cell

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and South's the cell itself is

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completely self organized it actually

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keeps critical critical amounts of

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various chemicals within its walls or I

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guess inside the cell walls and when he

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needs to produce those chemicals all it

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needs to do is Purdy produce little

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seeds most of you have experienced rain

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right so some of us that live in New

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Mexico desert haven't seen it for about

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120 days but but the way rain forms

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actually in rain clouds is that rain

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clouds are supersaturated right so when

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you when you wonder you know they're

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floating around they're super super

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saturated with water what makes the rain

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actually go there's a one raindrop is

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the - is it sort of a cascade that

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happens

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in reality rain clouds are fractal and

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so when we when we get to fractals all

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you need is a couple of seeds and that

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self-organizing process just turns the

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entire thing on and it's raining so

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that's that's again a physical example

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so in the animal world we have

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morphogenesis growth of plants and

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animals particularly trees it's very

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evident that they're self-organized cell

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operation growth of brains and in fact

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when you look at the self-organization

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of neural structure it's one of the best

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evidences in the in the biological world

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it's especially relevant to humans

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population dynamics growth and

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competition and extinction and in the

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epidemiology you see it in the spread of

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diseases in ecology you see it in a

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survival and existence of serious niches

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and ecosystems and the I guess part that

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interests me the most is the

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self-organization President evolution so

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when you look at mutation selection

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particularly prebiotic evolution you can

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see self-organization happening when you

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actually look at the I guess the eigen

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schuster hyper cycle which created the

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first amino acids that became ourselves

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00:10:11,009 --> 00:10:06,249
etc etc that process is the result of

280
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self-organization of molecules and so if

281
00:10:14,919 --> 00:10:13,009
self-organization is in fact a mechanism

282
00:10:17,169 --> 00:10:14,929
of evolution it would imply that if

283
00:10:19,659 --> 00:10:17,179
evolution is somehow working in a semi

284
00:10:21,309 --> 00:10:19,669
optimal or near optimal level and and

285
00:10:23,470 --> 00:10:21,319
I'm just gonna call that intelligent for

286
00:10:25,659 --> 00:10:23,480
now now I'm not the first person at all

287
00:10:27,039 --> 00:10:25,669
to say this right the first person who

288
00:10:29,799 --> 00:10:27,049
really stayed out loud and say it proud

289
00:10:31,840 --> 00:10:29,809
was I was Kathlyn in 1993 who wrote a

290
00:10:33,639 --> 00:10:31,850
great book called the origin of order

291
00:10:36,249 --> 00:10:33,649
self-organization and selection and

292
00:10:37,449 --> 00:10:36,259
evolution he identified

293
00:10:39,579 --> 00:10:37,459
self-organization as a prominent

294
00:10:41,919 --> 00:10:39,589
evolutionary mechanism it actually gives

295
00:10:44,949 --> 00:10:41,929
you hundreds of great examples of where

296
00:10:46,389 --> 00:10:44,959
this where this applies however the

297
00:10:49,569 --> 00:10:46,399
average evolutionary scientists they

298
00:10:51,519 --> 00:10:49,579
have averaged you know genetic genetic

299
00:10:53,889 --> 00:10:51,529
person that studies the transmission of

300
00:10:55,840 --> 00:10:53,899
genes populations etc etc generally

301
00:10:58,359 --> 00:10:55,850
ignores molecular biology and

302
00:11:00,279 --> 00:10:58,369
particularly self-organization so even

303
00:11:01,989 --> 00:11:00,289
though you know Kaufmann made a big deal

304
00:11:03,909 --> 00:11:01,999
about in 1993 and several other

305
00:11:05,710 --> 00:11:03,919
biologists and geneticists have come out

306
00:11:08,739 --> 00:11:05,720
in support of self-organization as a

307
00:11:11,949 --> 00:11:08,749
main driving process in evolution it's

308
00:11:13,449 --> 00:11:11,959
generally being ignored now there's a

309
00:11:15,909 --> 00:11:13,459
recent paper that came out by Johnson

310
00:11:17,740 --> 00:11:15,919
and lamb where they really looked at the

311
00:11:21,550 --> 00:11:17,750
interaction between self-organization

312
00:11:23,670 --> 00:11:21,560
and and natural selection as and and I

313
00:11:25,960 --> 00:11:23,680
think they have it right in many ways

314
00:11:28,150 --> 00:11:25,970
they state that self-organization

315
00:11:29,980 --> 00:11:28,160
constrains the possible solutions that

316
00:11:31,929 --> 00:11:29,990
biology can come up with so in fact if

317
00:11:34,269 --> 00:11:31,939
we're if we're if if we're designed to

318
00:11:36,129 --> 00:11:34,279
be sort of semi optimal organisms then

319
00:11:37,720 --> 00:11:36,139
clearly natural selection is involved in

320
00:11:38,920 --> 00:11:37,730
in survival of the fittest right and I

321
00:11:40,809 --> 00:11:38,930
tell my intro psych students the

322
00:11:45,610 --> 00:11:40,819
survival of the most successfully horny

323
00:11:47,730 --> 00:11:45,620
actually and so realistically natural

324
00:11:49,389 --> 00:11:47,740
selection is very much in play but

325
00:11:51,610 --> 00:11:49,399
self-organization constrains the

326
00:11:55,689 --> 00:11:51,620
possible solutions that are available

327
00:11:57,519 --> 00:11:55,699
for for it I guess for this for the

328
00:11:59,410 --> 00:11:57,529
various possible ice I guess organelles

329
00:12:02,350 --> 00:11:59,420
organs and other things that are true to

330
00:12:04,030 --> 00:12:02,360
biological creatures so my goal is to

331
00:12:05,559 --> 00:12:04,040
really show the rest of the genetic

332
00:12:08,139 --> 00:12:05,569
scientists who are ignoring this stuff

333
00:12:10,059 --> 00:12:08,149
that there is really a fingerprint of

334
00:12:12,309 --> 00:12:10,069
self-organization even at the level of

335
00:12:14,710 --> 00:12:12,319
natural selection so when we look at

336
00:12:17,829 --> 00:12:14,720
when we look at fingerprints I guess the

337
00:12:19,030 --> 00:12:17,839
the fingerprint form in this particular

338
00:12:20,920 --> 00:12:19,040
instance would be the occurrence of

339
00:12:23,499 --> 00:12:20,930
mutations the assumption is that

340
00:12:25,090 --> 00:12:23,509
mutations are in fact random but if

341
00:12:26,170 --> 00:12:25,100
those mutations are not random but

342
00:12:28,240 --> 00:12:26,180
structured then the occurrence of

343
00:12:30,670 --> 00:12:28,250
mutations are self organized so I

344
00:12:33,100 --> 00:12:30,680
structured in a particular way and so I

345
00:12:34,749 --> 00:12:33,110
will explain what kind of structure it

346
00:12:36,129 --> 00:12:34,759
needs now most of you probably familiar

347
00:12:37,720 --> 00:12:36,139
with the term white noise it's the

348
00:12:39,610 --> 00:12:37,730
staticky here on the radio when you're

349
00:12:41,980 --> 00:12:39,620
not tuned to anything or on television

350
00:12:43,809 --> 00:12:41,990
if it's not too into a station there are

351
00:12:46,660 --> 00:12:43,819
different colors of noise as it turns

352
00:12:49,540 --> 00:12:46,670
out and those colors define statistical

353
00:12:51,970 --> 00:12:49,550
aspects of that noise and so pink noise

354
00:12:54,850 --> 00:12:51,980
is a fingerprint of self-organization so

355
00:12:56,530 --> 00:12:54,860
if we see the presence of noise that's

356
00:12:59,499 --> 00:12:56,540
structured in a pink matter and has a

357
00:13:01,119 --> 00:12:59,509
fractal dimension of 1 to 1 and 1/2 then

358
00:13:03,160 --> 00:13:01,129
in fact you can say that a biological

359
00:13:05,619 --> 00:13:03,170
system is in fact self organized this is

360
00:13:07,629 --> 00:13:05,629
very evident in heart rates actually so

361
00:13:09,129 --> 00:13:07,639
for all of using all of you in the

362
00:13:11,410 --> 00:13:09,139
audience who have a healthy heart as it

363
00:13:14,530 --> 00:13:11,420
turns out your heart is not very very

364
00:13:16,689 --> 00:13:14,540
steady it has a specific fluctuation

365
00:13:17,889 --> 00:13:16,699
which is in pink noise region it

366
00:13:19,420 --> 00:13:17,899
actually has a fractal dimension of

367
00:13:21,429 --> 00:13:19,430
nearly 1 so it's almost a perfect

368
00:13:25,540 --> 00:13:21,439
example of pink noise on a biological

369
00:13:26,439 --> 00:13:25,550
system now self similarity is something

370
00:13:28,179 --> 00:13:26,449
that you're all familiar with but

371
00:13:28,929 --> 00:13:28,189
probably just in the context of the

372
00:13:30,920 --> 00:13:28,939
Mandelbrot set

373
00:13:34,850 --> 00:13:30,930
exist

374
00:13:36,860 --> 00:13:34,860
larger level the same thing is true for

375
00:13:39,050 --> 00:13:36,870
pink noise it's the exact same concept

376
00:13:40,310 --> 00:13:39,060
so what's going on in this signal and

377
00:13:41,990 --> 00:13:40,320
this is let's say signal of the

378
00:13:43,970 --> 00:13:42,000
occurrence of mutations in our context

379
00:13:45,620 --> 00:13:43,980
is that smaller parts of the signal as

380
00:13:47,120 --> 00:13:45,630
you keep cutting it down look like the

381
00:13:49,100 --> 00:13:47,130
larger parts now they're not exact

382
00:13:50,449 --> 00:13:49,110
copies like Anna Mandelbrot but if you

383
00:13:51,710 --> 00:13:50,459
were to do a statistical analysis you

384
00:13:54,440 --> 00:13:51,720
would see that distributions are pretty

385
00:13:56,210 --> 00:13:54,450
much the same so when you actually look

386
00:13:57,920 --> 00:13:56,220
at noise you can you can calculate a

387
00:13:59,030 --> 00:13:57,930
spectral slope slope and fractal

388
00:14:01,220 --> 00:13:59,040
dimension which are basically

389
00:14:03,530 --> 00:14:01,230
interrelated by a mask of mathematical

390
00:14:05,210 --> 00:14:03,540
formula here's the different ranges of

391
00:14:07,280 --> 00:14:05,220
noises that exist so white noise is what

392
00:14:09,740 --> 00:14:07,290
we're all familiar with pink noise is

393
00:14:10,970 --> 00:14:09,750
the area that is involved in

394
00:14:12,920 --> 00:14:10,980
self-organization that we're most

395
00:14:14,540 --> 00:14:12,930
interested in these are Brownian motion

396
00:14:15,590 --> 00:14:14,550
noise a different kind of randomness and

397
00:14:17,090 --> 00:14:15,600
this is blue noise which is

398
00:14:19,250 --> 00:14:17,100
anti-correlated noise that means

399
00:14:22,639 --> 00:14:19,260
negative observations follow positive

400
00:14:24,019 --> 00:14:22,649
observations and so when we actually

401
00:14:25,519 --> 00:14:24,029
measure the fractal dimension of

402
00:14:28,100 --> 00:14:25,529
something we can do that to a signal

403
00:14:30,170 --> 00:14:28,110
signal of mutations particularly and so

404
00:14:31,430 --> 00:14:30,180
the analogy is when you're measuring a

405
00:14:34,820 --> 00:14:31,440
coastline you can do it with a ruler

406
00:14:36,829 --> 00:14:34,830
that's 50 meters or say 100 meters you

407
00:14:38,570 --> 00:14:36,839
get different answers that's exactly

408
00:14:41,060 --> 00:14:38,580
what we do when we actually are looking

409
00:14:42,410 --> 00:14:41,070
at the faculty mention of a signal so we

410
00:14:43,850 --> 00:14:42,420
actually just look at the signal and

411
00:14:45,710 --> 00:14:43,860
bend it up in different dimensions and

412
00:14:47,090 --> 00:14:45,720
then look at the standard deviations if

413
00:14:48,890 --> 00:14:47,100
those standard deviations are not all

414
00:14:50,570 --> 00:14:48,900
related it's white noise it's random if

415
00:14:52,010 --> 00:14:50,580
those standard deviations have a pattern

416
00:14:54,500 --> 00:14:52,020
if certain groups grouped together make

417
00:14:57,470 --> 00:14:54,510
differences that are relevant then in

418
00:14:59,600 --> 00:14:57,480
fact then the noise is pink so my

419
00:15:01,340 --> 00:14:59,610
proposed experiment here is to just to

420
00:15:04,460 --> 00:15:01,350
do a dispersion analysis a fractal

421
00:15:06,980 --> 00:15:04,470
dimension computation on the variable of

422
00:15:08,870 --> 00:15:06,990
mutation so if in fact the the you know

423
00:15:11,540 --> 00:15:08,880
captivity mutations are not random if

424
00:15:12,949 --> 00:15:11,550
they're pink then then evolution and

425
00:15:15,199 --> 00:15:12,959
mutations are self-organizing are

426
00:15:16,640 --> 00:15:15,209
structured the problem is and here's the

427
00:15:19,819 --> 00:15:16,650
bad news and I'm disappointing you like

428
00:15:21,170 --> 00:15:19,829
one minute over my talk is that not a

429
00:15:23,030 --> 00:15:21,180
single geneticist out there that I've

430
00:15:25,280 --> 00:15:23,040
contacted wants to do this research the

431
00:15:26,930 --> 00:15:25,290
reason being is that it's really really

432
00:15:28,699 --> 00:15:26,940
expensive in order to actually do this

433
00:15:31,220 --> 00:15:28,709
research you need to keep track of the

434
00:15:33,740 --> 00:15:31,230
genotypes of successive mutations now

435
00:15:35,510 --> 00:15:33,750
you could do this with with viruses and

436
00:15:36,889 --> 00:15:35,520
bacteria on a small scale but you can't

437
00:15:38,210 --> 00:15:36,899
do it every single time most people to

438
00:15:41,360 --> 00:15:38,220
do genetic research you're keeping track

439
00:15:44,240 --> 00:15:41,370
of phenotypes not genotypes so in fact

440
00:15:45,110 --> 00:15:44,250
we have two rapid and we do have rapid

441
00:15:46,730 --> 00:15:45,120
DNA fingerprint

442
00:15:48,680 --> 00:15:46,740
techniques but they are extremely

443
00:15:51,680 --> 00:15:48,690
expensive so until it gets fairly

444
00:15:52,970 --> 00:15:51,690
inexpensive I'm sort of stuck and I'm

445
00:15:54,470 --> 00:15:52,980
just stuck talking to people like you

446
00:15:57,110 --> 00:15:54,480
which is kind of great if there any

447
00:15:58,400 --> 00:15:57,120
geneticist in the audience please please

448
00:16:00,170 --> 00:15:58,410
come talk to me to see if we can get

449
00:16:02,780 --> 00:16:00,180
this done so hopefully this is a

450
00:16:05,060 --> 00:16:02,790
temporary problem and sort of the real

451
00:16:06,650 --> 00:16:05,070
the real impetus is is to try to show

452
00:16:08,720 --> 00:16:06,660
that evolution is not it's just like

453
00:16:10,040 --> 00:16:08,730
sort of plan blind process that's sort

454
00:16:12,140 --> 00:16:10,050
of running into walls as it's going

455
00:16:14,990 --> 00:16:12,150
along what's going on is that evolution

456
00:16:17,150 --> 00:16:15,000
is designing creatures deciding that's a

457
00:16:18,500 --> 00:16:17,160
bad bad way to say producing creatures

458
00:16:21,050 --> 00:16:18,510
there are many ways optimally designed

459
00:16:24,050 --> 00:16:21,060
for survival on this planet at least in

460
00:16:25,640 --> 00:16:24,060
the local timeframe so in summary

461
00:16:27,560 --> 00:16:25,650
self-organization natural selection are

462
00:16:28,579 --> 00:16:27,570
both key processes and evolution and

463
00:16:30,880 --> 00:16:28,589
although there's ample evidence that

464
00:16:33,440 --> 00:16:30,890
self-organization is being ignored by

465
00:16:34,370 --> 00:16:33,450
evolutionary scientists so hopefully we

466
00:16:36,140 --> 00:16:34,380
can find a fingerprint of

467
00:16:37,550 --> 00:16:36,150
self-organization by employing

468
00:16:39,620 --> 00:16:37,560
dispersion analysis for regular

469
00:16:41,329 --> 00:16:39,630
mutations and this would this should

470
00:16:45,980 --> 00:16:41,339
actually prove the point

471
00:16:54,620 --> 00:16:45,990
finally all right thank you very much we

472
00:16:56,960 --> 00:16:54,630
have time for a couple questions you

473
00:16:57,980 --> 00:16:56,970
know if you don't know that computer is

474
00:17:01,699 --> 00:16:57,990
full of programs

475
00:17:06,020 --> 00:17:01,709
it could seems to be very self organized

476
00:17:09,199 --> 00:17:06,030
or in theory so how do you know that

477
00:17:11,960 --> 00:17:09,209
there are no programs recorded somewhere

478
00:17:15,079 --> 00:17:11,970
in more subtle world which programs

479
00:17:17,000 --> 00:17:15,089
these creatures for evolution right so

480
00:17:18,650 --> 00:17:17,010
that would be the sort of the modernized

481
00:17:20,360 --> 00:17:18,660
version of intelligent design that

482
00:17:21,860 --> 00:17:20,370
somewhere out there there's a Platonic

483
00:17:24,949 --> 00:17:21,870
ideal for these creatures and we're

484
00:17:26,059 --> 00:17:24,959
realizing them every so often I'm just

485
00:17:28,460 --> 00:17:26,069
gonna go to the simplest explanation

486
00:17:29,810 --> 00:17:28,470
right and use Occam's razor that you

487
00:17:31,730 --> 00:17:29,820
know I'm not gonna make believe that

488
00:17:33,310 --> 00:17:31,740
some programs exist somewhere but I do

489
00:17:35,000 --> 00:17:33,320
see evidence of self-organization

490
00:17:38,450 --> 00:17:35,010
everywhere and pretty much every aspect

491
00:17:41,570 --> 00:17:38,460
of life so in theory to me

492
00:17:43,040 --> 00:17:41,580
self-organization is just as basic as as

493
00:17:44,419 --> 00:17:43,050
gravity right although gravity is not

494
00:17:47,780 --> 00:17:44,429
well understood throw our gravity for a

495
00:17:49,460 --> 00:17:47,790
second electromagnetism right and so

496
00:17:51,410 --> 00:17:49,470
it's one of these natural processes of

497
00:17:53,300 --> 00:17:51,420
work of organization in the physical

498
00:17:54,620 --> 00:17:53,310
world that I think programs don't need

499
00:17:57,290 --> 00:17:54,630
to exist for which is why it's such a

500
00:17:58,320 --> 00:17:57,300
basic driving force in biology if we can

501
00:18:00,360 --> 00:17:58,330
create optimal

502
00:18:02,519 --> 00:18:00,370
all mechanisms like you know converting

503
00:18:04,710 --> 00:18:02,529
sunlight into energy using chlorophyll

504
00:18:06,779 --> 00:18:04,720
that you know work on a quantum level as

505
00:18:08,370 --> 00:18:06,789
far as we can tell then then biology

506
00:18:09,810 --> 00:18:08,380
will select those solutions from the

507
00:18:12,330 --> 00:18:09,820
ones that are less efficient and less

508
00:18:15,840 --> 00:18:12,340
less I guess our prominent for the

509
00:18:17,120 --> 00:18:15,850
animals that are getting them yes I

510
00:18:19,919 --> 00:18:17,130
wanted to know when you say

511
00:18:22,230 --> 00:18:19,929
self-organization so let's say there is

512
00:18:23,269 --> 00:18:22,240
one organism here that self-organizing

513
00:18:25,740 --> 00:18:23,279
and another one here that's

514
00:18:28,860 --> 00:18:25,750
self-organizing then if you take it to a

515
00:18:31,470 --> 00:18:28,870
next level by the same token are those

516
00:18:33,180 --> 00:18:31,480
two together also self-organizing so

517
00:18:36,360 --> 00:18:33,190
that eventually the whole universe is

518
00:18:39,120 --> 00:18:36,370
self-organizing and the claim is that

519
00:18:40,710 --> 00:18:39,130
all galaxies and flocks of birds and and

520
00:18:42,450 --> 00:18:40,720
our in fact self-organizing when you

521
00:18:45,180 --> 00:18:42,460
look at the average termite mound it is

522
00:18:46,919 --> 00:18:45,190
perfectly created to disperse energy to

523
00:18:48,779 --> 00:18:46,929
receive sunlight and disperse sunlight

524
00:18:50,430 --> 00:18:48,789
what it's necessary to happen now all

525
00:18:52,440 --> 00:18:50,440
those creatures are by themselves self

526
00:18:54,120 --> 00:18:52,450
organized in their cells in their brains

527
00:18:56,190 --> 00:18:54,130
and then that produces just the levels

528
00:18:57,690 --> 00:18:56,200
of self-organization so far as we can

529
00:18:59,850 --> 00:18:57,700
tell galaxy formation is this

530
00:19:01,470 --> 00:18:59,860
self-organizing process so the universe

531
00:19:03,419 --> 00:19:01,480
is probably self organized right okay so

532
00:19:05,610 --> 00:19:03,429
simplistically when we can say that

533
00:19:07,889 --> 00:19:05,620
there's self-organization at the micro

534
00:19:11,129 --> 00:19:07,899
level and then at the complete universal

535
00:19:13,440 --> 00:19:11,139
macro level so although they may not be

536
00:19:17,460 --> 00:19:13,450
a god who designed it the whole universe

537
00:19:19,019 --> 00:19:17,470
is self coordinated itself into a usable

538
00:19:23,779 --> 00:19:19,029
practical right and that's where

539
00:19:31,769 --> 00:19:27,360
do you mean by self-organization that

540
00:19:34,440 --> 00:19:31,779
there is predetermination no of emergent

541
00:19:36,330 --> 00:19:34,450
properties no it's exactly that there is

542
00:19:38,879 --> 00:19:36,340
no predetermination of emergent

543
00:19:40,560 --> 00:19:38,889
properties there's long-range

544
00:19:41,879 --> 00:19:40,570
correlations within the signal such that

545
00:19:43,289 --> 00:19:41,889
small parts of the signal look like

546
00:19:46,490 --> 00:19:43,299
larger parts of the signal but it's

547
00:19:49,139 --> 00:19:46,500
definitely not predetermined the

548
00:19:51,960 --> 00:19:49,149
previous speakers stole my thunder I was

549
00:19:53,789 --> 00:19:51,970
going to ask the idea of emergent

550
00:19:56,310 --> 00:19:53,799
properties it's made its way into the

551
00:19:58,889 --> 00:19:56,320
conventional science for the last 10 15

552
00:20:01,460 --> 00:19:58,899
years very strong I was wondering how

553
00:20:03,899 --> 00:20:01,470
you would compare your take on

554
00:20:05,879 --> 00:20:03,909
self-organizing to two emergent property

555
00:20:07,560 --> 00:20:05,889
I believe the average personal studies

556
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self-organization and dynamic systems

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would claim that the order that is seen

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as a result of self-organization is

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in fact an emergent property that's

560
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exactly what it is yeah okay well thank

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you for one more time

562
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great thank you very much